PNR 105 Foundations of Nursing practice questions with answers

PNR 105 Foundations of Nursing

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Free PNR 105 Foundations of Nursing Questions

1. A nurse is preparing to insert a urinary catheter for an older male patient who has a large abdominal dressing in place. Which type of catheter would be most appropriate?

A. Suprapubic catheter
B. Straight catheter
C. Condom catheter
D. Indwelling Foley catheter

Explanation

For an older male patient with an abdominal dressing, a condom catheter is the best option because it is external, non-invasive, and avoids disturbing the abdominal site. It reduces the risk of infection compared to an indwelling catheter and provides a safe way to manage urine collection without interfering with wound care or applying additional pressure to the abdomen.

2. A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a patient who follows Muslim beliefs. Which type of meat is prohibited in this diet?

A. Chicken
B. Beef
C. Pork
D. Lamb

Explanation

In Islam, pork and pork products are strictly prohibited because they are considered haram, or unlawful, according to religious teachings. Muslims may consume other meats such as chicken, beef, or lamb, but they must be prepared according to halal guidelines, which include specific methods of slaughter. Understanding these dietary restrictions is essential for providing culturally sensitive care.

3. A nurse is teaching a group of students about the effects of aging on the respiratory system. Which change is expected in an older adult?

A. Increased elasticity of lung tissue
B. Airway cilia experience impairment
C. Alveolar membrane becomes thinner
D. Greater respiratory reserve is available

Explanation

With aging, the airway cilia become less effective in clearing mucus and foreign particles from the respiratory tract. This impairment compromises pulmonary defense mechanisms, increasing the risk of infection and reducing secretion clearance. Other age-related respiratory changes include decreased elasticity, loss of elastic recoil, thickened alveolar membranes, and reduced respiratory reserve, all contributing to less efficient ventilation and gas exchange in older adults.

4. If you find your patient on the floor, not breathing, has no pulse, and unconscious, what do you do first?

A. Check blood pressure
B. Call for help or activate EMS
C. Place the patient in recovery position
D. Begin CPR

Explanation

The first step when encountering an unresponsive patient with no breathing and no pulse is to call for help or activate emergency medical services (EMS). Early activation ensures that advanced life support and emergency equipment can be mobilized while you begin CPR. This action maximizes the patient’s chance of survival by combining immediate resuscitation with timely advanced interventions.

5. A nurse is teaching a patient about nonpharmacologic measures that can help control pain. Which interventions should the nurse include?

A. Back rubs, foot rubs, and slow rhythmic deep breathing
B. Increasing noise and distractions in the room
C. Withholding comfort measures until medication is given
D. Encouraging the patient to avoid movement and activity completely

Explanation

Nonpharmacologic pain control methods can be used alone for mild discomfort or in combination with medications for stronger relief. Back rubs and foot rubs promote relaxation and comfort, while slow rhythmic deep breathing reduces tension and enhances oxygenation. These measures are simple, safe, and effective strategies to help patients manage pain without relying solely on medications.

6. A nurse is preparing to perform continuous bladder irrigation for a patient after prostate surgery. Which type of urinary catheter should the nurse select?

A. Straight catheter
B. Coude catheter
C. Alcock catheter (three-way Foley)
D. Condom catheter

Explanation

Bladder irrigation requires the use of a three-way Foley catheter, often called an Alcock catheter. This device has three lumens: one for inflating the balloon to hold the catheter in place, one for urine drainage, and one for instilling irrigation fluid. It allows continuous flushing of the bladder to prevent clot formation and maintain catheter patency, which is essential after procedures such as TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate).

7. A nurse is preparing to collect a stool specimen for ova and parasite testing. Which equipment is required?

A. Clean bedpan, sterile gloves, and urine cup
B. Wooden tongue blade, ova and parasite specimen container, and biohazard bag
C. Sterile catheter kit, specimen cup, and alcohol swabs
D. Collection hat, sterile cup, and gauze pads

Explanation

When collecting stool for ova and parasite examination, the correct equipment includes a wooden tongue blade to transfer the stool, a special specimen container designed for ova and parasite testing (often with preservative), and a biohazard bag for safe transport. Using the correct tools ensures specimen integrity, prevents contamination, and maintains safety standards during collection and handling.

8. A nurse is teaching a patient how to use an incentive spirometer after abdominal surgery. Which instruction should the nurse give?

A. Exhale forcefully into the mouthpiece to move the ball upward
B. Take a deep breath in, watching the ball rise as they inhale
C. Breathe rapidly in and out until the ball stays at the top
D. Hold their breath first, then exhale slowly into the device

Explanation

The correct technique for using an incentive spirometer is to place the lips around the mouthpiece and inhale slowly and deeply. As the patient inhales, the ball or piston rises, providing visible feedback of lung expansion. This helps prevent atelectasis, improves ventilation, and promotes recovery by encouraging sustained deep breaths after surgery.

9. A nurse is reviewing proper care of an indwelling urinary catheter with a student nurse. Which of the following should be included in the procedure?

A. Keep the drainage bag above the level of the bladder to promote flow
B. Maintain a closed drainage system at all times
C. Disconnect the tubing regularly to measure urine output
D. Provide perineal care only once daily

Explanation

Maintaining a closed drainage system is a critical step in preventing infection with an indwelling catheter. Along with this, the nurse should measure urine output regularly, observe drainage and urine characteristics at each encounter, keep the drainage bag below the bladder to prevent backflow, provide perineal and insertion site care twice daily, and secure the catheter to the leg. These measures promote comfort, accurate monitoring, and infection prevention.

10. A nurse is preparing a patient for diagnostic testing and explains that ultrasound can be used to assess which areas of the body?

A. Bones and spinal cord
B. Female reproductive organs, thyroid
C. Lungs and alveoli directly
D. Teeth and jaw structures

Explanation

Ultrasound is best for assessing soft tissues and glands. It is widely used to examine female reproductive organs, including the uterus and ovaries, and the thyroid gland in the neck. Sound waves do not penetrate bone or air-filled spaces effectively, so it cannot directly visualize bones, the spinal cord, lungs, alveoli, or teeth structures. This makes option B the correct choice.

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PNR 105 Foundations of Nursing

PNR 105 Foundations of Nursing

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