SCI 221 Physiology Final Exam at Nightingale College practice questions with answers

SCI 221 Physiology Final Exam at Nightingale College

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Free SCI 221 Physiology Final Exam at Nightingale College Questions

Small cells that synthesize and secrete a specialized organic matrix are:

A. Osteoclasts
B. Osteons
C. Osteoblasts
D. Osteocytes

Explanation

Correct Answer Is:

C. Osteoblasts.

Explanation

Osteoblasts are small bone-forming cells responsible for synthesizing and secreting the organic matrix of bone, known as osteoid. This matrix is rich in collagen and later becomes mineralized with calcium and phosphate salts. Osteoclasts break down bone, osteocytes maintain mature bone tissue, and osteons are structural units of compact bone rather than cells.

Normal, quiet breathing is known as:

A. Orthopnea
B. Hyperpnea
C. Dyspnea
D. Eupnea

Explanation

Correct Answer Is:

D. Eupnea

Explanation

Eupnea refers to normal, quiet, and effortless breathing that occurs at rest. It involves a regular rhythm and rate of ventilation that adequately meets the body’s oxygen demands without conscious effort. Orthopnea is difficulty breathing when lying down, hyperpnea is increased depth of breathing, and dyspnea is labored or difficult breathing, making eupnea the correct term for normal respiration.

The male gland that secretes a fructose sugar used as an energy source for sperm is the:

A. Prostate gland
B. Bulbourethral gland
C. Seminal vesicle
D. Cowper gland

Explanation

Correct Answer Is:

C. Seminal vesicle.

Explanation

The seminal vesicles produce a fructose-rich secretion that supplies energy for sperm motility. This fluid also contributes a significant portion of the volume of semen and contains prostaglandins that support sperm function. The prostate secretes enzymes and alkaline fluid, while the bulbourethral (Cowper) glands primarily secrete mucus for lubrication and pH buffering, not fructose.

Which of the following is not one of the openings that must be blocked when food moves from the pharynx into the esophagus?

A. Oropharynx
B. Nasopharynx
C. Larynx
D. Mouth

Explanation

Correct Answer Is:

D. Mouth

Explanation

During swallowing, the body temporarily blocks certain openings to prevent food from entering the airway or nasal cavity. The nasopharynx is closed by elevation of the soft palate to prevent food from entering the nasal passages, and the larynx is protected by elevation and closure of the epiglottis to prevent aspiration into the trachea. The mouth does not need to be blocked because the bolus has already passed posteriorly into the pharynx. Therefore, the mouth is not one of the openings that must be blocked during swallowing.

Which organ has several functions, including defense, hematopoiesis, red blood cell and platelet destruction, and blood reservoir?

A. Thymus
B. Thyroid
C. Spleen
D. Thalamus

Explanation

Correct Answer Is:

C. Spleen

Explanation

The spleen is a multifunctional organ that plays a major role in immune defense by filtering blood and mounting immune responses. It also contributes to hematopoiesis during fetal development, destroys old or damaged red blood cells and platelets, and serves as a reservoir for blood. The thymus is involved in T-cell maturation, the thyroid regulates metabolism, and the thalamus functions as a sensory relay center.

If the ventral nerve root of a spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose

A. Sensory perception
B. Voluntary movement
C. Only reflex activity
D. Both reflex activity and sensation

Explanation

Correct Answer Is:

B. Voluntary movement

Explanation

The ventral (anterior) nerve root contains motor fibers that transmit impulses from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles. Destruction of the ventral root results in loss of voluntary motor control in the muscles supplied by that nerve. Sensory perception remains intact because sensory fibers enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root, not the ventral root.

Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus?

A. Production of hormones
B. "Go between" of the psyche and the soma
C. Appetite center
D. Regulation of motor activity

Explanation

Correct Answer Is:

D. Regulation of motor activity

Explanation

The hypothalamus plays a critical role in homeostasis by producing and regulating hormones, linking the nervous system with the endocrine system, and controlling behaviors such as hunger and thirst. It serves as an important interface between mental states and bodily functions. Regulation of motor activity, however, is primarily a function of structures such as the cerebellum and motor areas of the cerebral cortex, not the hypothalamus.

Which of the following is not one of the primary functions performed by bones?

A. Mineral storage
B. Protection
C. Hormonal production
D. Hematopoiesis

Explanation

Correct Answer Is:

C. Hormonal production.

Explanation

The primary functions of bones include mineral storage (such as calcium and phosphate), protection of vital organs, and hematopoiesis, which is the production of blood cells in red bone marrow. Hormonal production is not traditionally considered a primary function of bones in basic anatomy and physiology, even though bones do secrete certain regulatory substances.

The type of tissue that contains cells called neurons is called:

A. Muscle
B. Epithelial
C. Connective
D. Nervous

Explanation

Correct Answer Is:

D. Nervous.

Explanation

Nervous tissue is composed of specialized cells called neurons, which are responsible for transmitting electrical impulses throughout the body. This tissue also includes supporting cells called neuroglia that protect, nourish, and insulate neurons. Nervous tissue is essential for communication, coordination, and control of body functions.

10.

The primary organ of the lymphatic system is the

A. Thalamus
B. Thyroid
C. Thymus
D. Spleen

Explanation

Correct Answer Is:

C. Thymus

Explanation

The thymus is the primary lymphatic organ because it is where T lymphocytes mature and become immunocompetent. These cells are essential for adaptive immunity and cell-mediated immune responses. While the spleen is a major secondary lymphatic organ involved in blood filtration and immune responses, the thymus is considered primary due to its role in lymphocyte development. The thalamus and thyroid are not part of the lymphatic system.

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SCI 221 Physiology Final Exam at Nightingale College

SCI 221 Physiology Final Exam at Nightingale College

SCI 221 Physiology Final Exam at Nightingale College practice questions with answers | nursingprepplug.com

About SCI 221 Physiology Final Exam at Nightingale College

Free SCI 221 Physiology Final Exam at Nightingale College Questions

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